Pathological processes that affect the vascular system are a serious danger to the body.This applies to any such diseases, regardless of its scale and location.In particular, this applies to varicose veins, which in most cases affects leg vessels.
In the modern world, varicose veins are one of the topical problems, many people are subject to their development.Pathology is not just a cosmetic problem, damage to vessels in the legs have serious consequences.Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of the development of varicose veins, know their symptoms and also have ideas about treatment.
The mechanism of the development of varicose veins
Varicose veins or varicose veins are called the disease in which the mentioned vessels are subjected to pathological changes in the following nature:
- Expansion, that is, an increase in vase lumen.
- Stretching, or rather, stretching of the vein.
- Vascular wall thinning, because the vein becomes more fragile and is more prone to physical damage.
- The exhaustion or gradual destruction of the valve apparatus, which plays a decisive role in the process of blood transport back to the heart.
- In the late stages of the disease due to vein deformation, nodules or "vascular stars" are formed that resemble aneurysms.
All violations described lead to two types of consequences, aesthetic and functional, where the second type is much more weight.If we talk about the aesthetic factor, we are talking about the fact that subcutaneous vessels increase in size, swell and appear closer to the surface of the skin, which is why they become clearly visible, even with naked eyes.As the disease advances and increases the deformation of the veins, they begin to look like hugs, nodules appear, which further aggravates the aesthetic appearance.
But the functional problems are more serious and dangerous, because we are talking about a violation of the main function of the vein - the transport of blood from the organs to the heart.Varicose contributes to the processes stagnant in the vessels, due to valve exhaustion, blood is not fully evacuated, stagnant.This leads to local toxic lesions as well as a gradual increase in pressure on the vessels.Finally, in the posterior stages of the disease, the vessels cannot deal with excess pressure, tears appear on the thin walls, which leads to bleeding, the formation of bruises and trophic ulcers.
Varicose veins
The above repeatedly declared that the degree of damage and deformation of the veins depends on the stage of progression of the disease.Therefore, it is worth mentioning that it is usual to classify varicose veins according to three stages of development:
- The first and easiest shape of the disease is compensatory.It is characterized by small deformation, it is often impossible to determine without the appropriate diagnosis.Symptoms in this case are scarce or completely absent.
- Subcompensation or the middle stage - veins appear on the surface of the skin, an increase, such as deformation, are insignificant.However, vases and vascular networks are already clearly visible and, at the night of patients, an increase in the feeling of fatigue, swelling and swelling, small pains can be disturbed.It is characteristic that in the morning (after the night of sleep or long term rest) the symptoms disappear.
- The decompensation stage is the most serious - we are talking about a serious defeat of the veins, their pronounced deformation.The vessels are not only highly visible, they look like tubers and stand out on the surface of the skin, nodules, eczema and bruises appear.The symptoms described in the form of pain, edema and other unpleasant sensations intensify.
It is important to understand that the initially varicose veins do not represent a serious danger and, over time, the initiated treatment prevents the progression of the disease.But if treatment is not involved, there is a high risk of complications, including thrombosis, inflammatory processes in the veins, the formation of trophic ulcers, constant pain syndrome.
FACTORS OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT
Knowledge of the causes and factors that predispose to the development of varicose veins not only helps in the fight against the pathological process, but also prevent their development.These reasons and factors are as follows:
- Genetic Predisposition - In this case, we are talking about a hereditary predisposition to the weakness of venous valves, as well as the underdevelopment of the connective tissues of the blood vessel walls.Such abnormalities in development increase the development of varicose veins, as the valve device is initially subject to functional disorders.
- The professional component - the risk group is also led by people who, due to their professional activity, are forced to spend a long time for a long time, especially those that cost a lot (hairdressers, salespeople, cooks, surgeons, etc.).
- Overweight
- Excess weight accumulation leads to increased legs, and in this case the level of cholesterol in the blood increases, which also negatively affects the functioning of the vascular system.The greater the degree of obesity, the fact that the development of varicose veins is more likely. - Contribute to the occurrence of varicose veins of the veins of the pathology of blood coagulation.Due to increased blood platelets, blood becomes more viscous, there is a risk of blood clots.All of this avoids normal blood circulation, causing varicose veins.
- Another factor in the development of the disease is the serious hormonal disorders.Women are more affected by such problems, especially during pregnancy, menopause or taking hormonal drugs.
The list shows only the main factors in the development of varicose veins, in fact there is much more.For example, we add inconvenient shoes or walks in high heels, alcoholism, smoking, diabetes, mechanical damage to blood vessels, etc.
Clinical image
Often, varicose veins in early forms of development may not show themselves, symptoms appear in 2-3 stages of disease progression.However, it is worth considering symptoms from the first signs:
- The first symptom that indicates the occurrence of varicose veins is fatigue in the legs.Initially, this feeling is insignificant, it makes sense mainly at night.But as the disease develops, fatigue is increasingly concerned, it becomes more intense.
- The feeling of squeezing and pain - begins to worry from the second stage, initially also closer to the night, and in the morning they disappear completely.But, as before, with the progression of varicose veins, they become more intense, finally concerned.
- The protruding veins and the vascular mesh - this feature is also increasingly obvious as the pathological process develops.Initially, the veins are simply visible stronger than usual, in the posterior stages that stand out, the tubers appear, the form "stars".
- Swelling - They can begin to disturb immediately, in these cases, their reasons seem incomprehensible, and the swelling itself is so insignificant that they are virtually not felt.Over time, the legs swell more and more, which causes a lot of discomfort and increases pain.
- Seizures - It is believed that if a person is systematically tormented by seizures that cover the muscles or feet of the calf, it can also be signs of varicose veins.
- Hyperthermia - occurs in the final stages of disease development and is expressed in a change in skin color, the skin on the legs becomes cyanotic.
Diagnostic methods
To treat varicose veins, as effective as possible, a precise understanding of the development stage is the disease and to evaluate the degree of hemodynamics.To do this, you need to go through various diagnostic measures:
- The initial examination, during which the doctor discovers the patient's complaints, collects an anamnesis and also performs a visual examination and palpation of problem areas.
- Ultrasound scan to familiarize itself with the dynamic characteristics of blood flow.
- Duplex vein scan is one of the most informative diagnostic methods that provide a detailed visual image of blood flow velocity in different parts of the vascular canal.
- Flebography using a contrast subject, which is introduced into the studied veins.
Varicose veins
The fight against varicose veins of any gravity requires contact with a phlebologist, who will make a treatment regime based on the diagnostic data obtained.
Drug therapy
The main effect expected by taking medications is a decrease in vein pressure, eliminating stagnant processes, restoring normal blood circulation.In addition, in the therapy, symptomatic treatment may be necessary.In general, the doctor can prescribe medications of these groups:
- Venotonic and phlebotonic - designed to improve lymph output and normalize blood circulation, perform the main treatment task.
- AINE Group drugs - stop the painful sensations and also have an anti -inflammatory effect.
- Anticoagulants to reduce blood viscosity and prevent thrombosis.
- In addition, people with varicose veins are recommended to wear special compression clothes.
Only a doctor is involved in determining the need to use any medicine and its appointment.In addition, drug therapy does not only allow the disease to be progressed, it is impossible to return to the deformed vessels in the previous state with conservative methods of treatment.
Traditional medicine
Popular remedies are unable to have an equally severe therapeutic effect as traditional methods of medicine.However, “grandmother recipes” is an excellent help for drug treatment, so we will consider some of the most effective recipes:
- The tomato compresses-apartment cuts the tomatoes with slices and attach to problem areas for 15 to 20 minutes.Tomatoes contain a carotenoid pigment that promotes strengthening and toning veins.
- You can make a potato compression, so put your legs with potato cleaning and tie it for 2 hours.The same method works with the use of cabbage and kalanchoe leaves, but the cuts should be made in these plants.
- It is also recommended to rub your feet with apple vinegar daily before bed, the course of treatment is 30 days.
Surgical treatment
Surgery in the fight against varicose veins is the most effective method that radically solves the problem, and not just restricting the disease.Surgical treatment methods include:
- Sclerotherapy - The introduction of a special substance into the venous lumen that glues the vase as a result of which it disappears independently, replaced by connective tissue.
- Laser exposure is applicable to blood vessels located near the surface of the skin.Laser irradiation creates the effect of sclerosis in Vienna as a result from which the vase disappears.
- Flebectomy - The local bandage deformed the vein with the subsequent removal of its trunk.